Zwitterionic polymer is a kind of polymer both with acidic and basic groups,which exists in the form of zwitterion. Zwitterionic polymers have attracted our widespread attention because of the excellent performance of themselves,such as high hydration ability,significant anti-bacterial adhesion ability,charge conversion,be easily modified and so on. In this review,the variety of zwitterionic polymers will be classified according to the structure. The early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors by zwitterionic polymers were analyzed and summarized in this paper. Finally, the development of zwitterionic polymers in future is prospected.