神经科学
节奏
振荡(细胞信号)
物理
局部场电位
人口
联轴节(管道)
机制(生物学)
心理学
生物
医学
环境卫生
工程类
机械工程
量子力学
遗传学
声学
作者
György Buzsáki,Xiao‐Jing Wang
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Neuroscience
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2012-05-20
卷期号:35 (1): 203-225
被引量:2432
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150444
摘要
Gamma rhythms are commonly observed in many brain regions during both waking and sleep states, yet their functions and mechanisms remain a matter of debate. Here we review the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying gamma oscillations and outline empirical questions and controversial conceptual issues. Our main points are as follows: First, gamma-band rhythmogenesis is inextricably tied to perisomatic inhibition. Second, gamma oscillations are short-lived and typically emerge from the coordinated interaction of excitation and inhibition, which can be detected as local field potentials. Third, gamma rhythm typically concurs with irregular firing of single neurons, and the network frequency of gamma oscillations varies extensively depending on the underlying mechanism. To document gamma oscillations, efforts should be made to distinguish them from mere increases of gamma-band power and/or increased spiking activity. Fourth, the magnitude of gamma oscillation is modulated by slower rhythms. Such cross-frequency coupling may serve to couple active patches of cortical circuits. Because of their ubiquitous nature and strong correlation with the "operational modes" of local circuits, gamma oscillations continue to provide important clues about neuronal population dynamics in health and disease.
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