Soil microplastics: Impacts on greenhouse gasses emissions, carbon cycling, microbial diversity, and soil characteristics

Microplastics are a significant environmental challenge, with growing concerns about their prevalence in soil ecosystems. It may affect the physicochemical characteristics of soil, cycling of nutrients, and a variety of microbial organisms. In addition, microplastics affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane. The mechanism through which microplastic affects soil microbial communities and GHG emissions is complex and poorly understood. Nevertheless, new research indicates that microplastic pollution can have considerable and long-lasting impacts on the health and functioning of soil, which may have implications for ecosystem services and human well-being. Further investigation is required to comprehend the scope and methods of microplastic contamination in soil and its effects on soil functioning and to create efficient mitigation techniques that minimize its effects. This review highlights the urgent need for action to address this emerging environmental threat and protect soil health and ecosystem functioning.