Epidemiology, Microbiome, and Risk Factors Involved in Carcinogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

Chapter 9 Epidemiology, Microbiome, and Risk Factors Involved in Carcinogenesis of Colorectal Cancer Paul Moayyedi, Paul MoayyediSearch for more papers by this authorJanusz A.Z. Jankowski, Janusz A.Z. JankowskiSearch for more papers by this author Paul Moayyedi, Paul MoayyediSearch for more papers by this authorJanusz A.Z. Jankowski, Janusz A.Z. JankowskiSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Professor Janusz A. Z. Jankowski JP MBChB (Glasgow) MSc (Oxford) MD (Dundee) PhD (London) PCME (Cambridge) PGCM (C Lancs.) PGCC (Warwick) AGAF (USA). FACG (USA) FRCP (Edinburgh & London) SFHEA (UK), Professor Janusz A. Z. Jankowski JP MBChB (Glasgow) MSc (Oxford) MD (Dundee) PhD (London) PCME (Cambridge) PGCM (C Lancs.) PGCC (Warwick) AGAF (USA). FACG (USA) FRCP (Edinburgh & London) SFHEA (UK)Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 January 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119756422.ch9 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Colorectal cancer is the fourth commonest cancer in the world. While globally rates are still increasing further, in select countries, the rates are conversely decreasing from very high levels. Colorectal cancer has acted as the paradigm for cancer genomics resulting in many early detection strategies, as well as endoscopic interventions to remove small lesions before they become invasive. There is also another revolution in the understanding of the dysbiosis, necessary and in some cases sufficient, to cause disease including cancer. Therefore, the vast majority of colorectal cancers can be prevented by diet, pre and probiotic use, endoscopic use, as well as chemoprevention agents like aspirin, in select groups. References Dekker , E. , Tanis , P.J. , Vleugels , J.L.A. et al. ( 2019 October 19). Colorectal cancer . Lancet 394 ( 10207 ): 1467 – 1480 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Patel , S.G. , Karlitz , J.J. , Yen , T. et al. ( 2022 March). The rising tide of early-onset colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, clinical features, biology, risk factors, prevention, and early detection . Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7 ( 3 ): 262 – 274 . 10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00426-X PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sinicrope , F.A. ( 2022 April 21). Increasing incidence of Early-Onset colorectal cancer . N Engl J Med 386 ( 16 ): 1547 – 1558 . 10.1056/NEJMra2200869 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Song , M. , Garrett , W.S. , and Chan , A.T. ( 2015 May). Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention . Gastroenterology 148 ( 6 ): 1244 – 1260 . 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.035 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Wong , S.H. and Yu , J. ( 2019 November). Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications . Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16 ( 11 ): 690 – 704 . 10.1038/s41575-019-0209-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Gastrointestinal Oncology ‐ A Critical Multidisciplinary Team Approach 2e, Second Edition ReferencesRelatedInformation