内体
基因传递
遗传增强
核酸
细胞
计算生物学
全身给药
基因
纳米技术
生物
化学
细胞生物学
生物化学
生物技术
体内
材料科学
作者
Belal Tafech,Fatemeh Mohabatpour,Sarah Hedtrich
摘要
Abstract Gene therapies have the potential to target and effectively treat a variety of diseases including cancer as well as genetic, neurological, and autoimmune disorders. Although we have made significant advances in identifying non‐viral strategies to deliver genetic cargo, certain limitations remain. In general, gene delivery is challenging for several reasons including the instabilities of nucleic acids to enzymatic and chemical degradation and the presence of restrictive biological barriers such as cell, endosomal and nuclear membranes. The emergence of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) helped overcome many of these challenges. Despite its success, further optimization is required for LNPs to yield efficient gene delivery to extrahepatic tissues, as LNPs favor accumulation in the liver after systemic administration. In this mini‐review, we provide an overview of current preclinical approaches in that LNP surface modification was leveraged for cell and tissue targeting by conjugating aptamers, antibodies, and peptides among others. In addition to their cell uptake and efficiency‐enhancing effects, we outline the (dis‐)advantages of the different targeting moieties and commonly used conjugation strategies.
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