Agricultural land suitability analysis of Southern Punjab, Pakistan using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques

Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis plays a pivotal role in sustainable land use planning, aiding decision-makers in identifying areas most conducive to agriculture. This study employs a systematic approach integrating Analytical Hierarchy Process and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis techniques to assess and prioritize the suitability of agricultural land in in Southern Punjab (Multan region). The methodology involves defining clear objectives, identifying relevant criteria and sub-criteria, establishing a hierarchical structure and conducting pairwise comparisons to determine the relative importance of each factor. Our outcomes indicated that almost 43% area was highly suitable for agriculture, 27% moderately suitable, 16% marginally suitable, 8% less suitable and 6% not suitable for agriculture in study area. All the suitable lands had silty clay or clay type soil, which had sandy loam type soil in Multan region. The output is a comprehensive suitability map that identifies the most suitable areas for agriculture in Multan region. Sensitivity analysis and validation are incorporated to enhance the robustness and reliability of the results. This methodology provides a valuable tool for land use planners and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding agricultural land allocation, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and resource management.