Rice roots avoid asymmetric heavy metal and salinity stress via an RBOH-ROS-auxin signaling cascade

细胞生物学 活性氧 非生物胁迫 信号转导 NADPH氧化酶 生物 胞浆 侧根 氧化应激 生长素 拟南芥 生物化学 基因 突变体
作者
Hanqing Wang,Xingyu Zhao,Wei Xuan,Peng Wang,Fang‐Jie Zhao
出处
期刊:Molecular Plant [Elsevier]
卷期号:16 (10): 1678-1694 被引量:28
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.007
摘要

Root developmental plasticity is crucial for plants to adapt to a changing soil environment, where nutrients and abiotic stress factors are distributed heterogeneously. How plant roots sense and avoid heterogeneous abiotic stress in soil remains unclear. Here, we show that, in response to asymmetric stress of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, or lead) and salt, rice roots rapidly proliferate lateral roots (LRs) in the stress-free area, thereby remodeling root architecture to avoid localized stress. Imaging and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that asymmetric stress induces a ROS burst in the tips of the exposed roots and simultaneously triggers rapid systemic ROS signaling to the unexposed roots. Addition of a ROS scavenger to either the stressed or stress-free area abolished systemic ROS signaling and LR proliferation induced by asymmetric stress. Asymmetric stress also enhanced cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) signaling; blocking Ca2+signaling inhibited systemic ROS propagation and LR branching in the stress-free area. We identified two plasma-membrane-localized respiratory burst oxidase homologs, OsRBOHA and OsRBOHI, as key players in systemic ROS signaling under asymmetric stress. Expression of OsRBOHA and OsRBOHI in roots was upregulated by Cd stress, and knockout of either gene reduced systemic ROS signaling and LR proliferation under asymmetric stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that auxin signaling and cell wall remodeling act downstream of the systemic ROS signaling to promote LR development. Collectively, our study reveals an RBOH-ROS-auxin signaling cascade that enables rice roots to avoid localized stress of heavy metals and salt and provides new insight into root system plasticity in heterogenous soil.
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