This work synthesized a novel adsorbent by doping COF and MIL-125(Ti) in the nanoparticles Fe3O4. The obtained results showed that the doping of COF and MIL-125(Ti) had a positive effect on enhancing the specific surface area and adsorption capacity. Moreover, the adsorption process has been confirmed to follow the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic, and the maximum adsorption capacity for tetracycline and tebuconazole was 138.1 mg/g and 87.73 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the adsorbent displayed an excellent adsorption performance in three kinds of actual environmental water samples. The mechanics of the adsorption process mainly involved π-π stacking interaction, hydrogen-bonding interaction, electrostatic interaction, and complexation interaction. In short, the synthesized magnetic adsorbent displayed a good application potential for removing tetracycline and tebuconazole from wastewater.