Classification and Diagnosis of Epilepsy

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This article provides readers with a foundational understanding of epilepsy, including epilepsy classification, and presents a strategic approach to the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Epilepsy classification systems have evolved over the years, with improved categorization of seizure types and adoption of more widely accepted and comprehensible terminologies. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of the Epilepsies (2017) introduces a three-tiered framework. The levels focus on the determination of seizure type, epilepsy type, and identification of epilepsy syndrome, when applicable. The 2017 ILAE classification emphasizes the evaluation of the underlying etiology of epilepsy and the identification of associated comorbidities at all stages of classification. Epilepsy syndromes often have age-dependent symptoms. ESSENTIAL POINTS A systematic approach to the classification of seizures and epilepsy is essential for the selection of appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment strategies. An accurate classification not only facilitates clinical assessment but has important implications in the determination of prognosis.