Direct Iron Phthalocyanine (FePc) Incorporation on Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) as Fe–N Complex via Plasma Engineering for Advanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction

ABSTRACT Herein, we applied plasma engineering to modify the Fe‐N complex directly on the graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) substrate as advanced ORR electrocatalysts. Plasma treatment activated and effectively anchored the Fe‐N 4 structure on GNP without degradation. From XPS analysis, the binding energy of Fe 2p was shifted towards higher energy in FePc/GNP‐Plasma with enhanced charge delocalization of Fe–N complex. Electrochemical analyses showed FePc/GNP‐Plasma electrocatalyst achieved a half‐wave potential of 0.91 V vs. RHE and six times higher kinetic current density compared to commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C. The results highlight that forming the charge delocalization via plasma engineering promotes ORR activity, offering new insights for plasma surface modification of carbon‐based electrocatalysts for renewable energy applications, including fuel cell and metal‐air batteries.