Micro-Nano Fractal Metal Grids as Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal mesh-based transparent electrodes possess several notable advantages, including exceptional flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and excellent light transmittance, making them the focus of increasing research interest. However, their widespread application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a significant challenge due to the susceptibility of the metal grids to corrosion and their inherently rough surface. In this study, we report environmentally stable, low surface roughness transparent conductive electrodes by integrated micro-nano fractal metal grid transparent conductive electrodes (MNF-TCEs) and PH1000. The resulting MNF-TCEs/PH1000 transparent conductive electrodes show excellent optoelectronic performance with a low sheet resistance of 4 Ω/□ and a high optical transmittance of 83.35% at 550 nm. Moreover, PSCs employing MNF-TCEs/PH1000 TCs demonstrate a decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.17% and good stability with efficiency degradation of less than 10% after 4500 h of storage in a nitrogen atmosphere.