作者
Yahao Dai,Shinya Wai,Pengju Li,Naisong Shan,Zhiqiang Cao,Yang Li,Yunfei Wang,Youdi Liu,Wei Liu,Kan Tang,Yuzi Liu,Muchuan Hua,Songsong Li,Nan Li,Shivani Chatterji,H. Christopher Fry,Sean Lee,Cheng Zhang,Max Weires,Sean Sutyak,Jiuyun Shi,Chenhui Zhu,Jie Xu,Xiaodan Gu,Bozhi Tian,Sihong Wang
摘要
Hydrogels, known for their mechanical and chemical similarity to biological tissues, are widely used in biotechnologies, whereas semiconductors provide advanced electronic and optoelectronic functionalities such as signal amplification, sensing, and photomodulation. Combining semiconducting properties with hydrogel designs can enhance biointeractive functions and intimacy at biointerfaces, but this is challenging owing to the low hydrophilicity of polymer semiconductors. We developed a solvent affinity–induced assembly method that incorporates water-insoluble polymer semiconductors into double-network hydrogels. These semiconductors exhibited tissue-level moduli as soft as 81 kilopascals, stretchability of 150% strain, and charge-carrier mobility up to 1.4 square centimeters per volt per second. When they are interfaced with biological tissues, their tissue-level modulus enables alleviated immune reactions. The hydrogel’s high porosity enhances molecular interactions at semiconductor-biofluid interfaces, resulting in photomodulation with higher response and volumetric biosensing with higher sensitivity.