Topological edge states in photonic decorated trimer lattices

In recent years, topological insulators have been extensively studied in one-dimensional periodic systems, such as Su-Schrieffer-Heeger and trimer lattices. The remarkable feature of these one-dimensional models is that they support topological edge states, which are protected by lattice symmetry. To further study the role of lattice symmetry in one-dimensional topological insulators, here we design a modified version of the conventional trimer lattices, i.e., decorated trimer lattices. Using the femtosecond laser writing technique, we experimentally establish a series of one-dimensional photonic decorated trimer lattices with and without inversion symmetry, thereby directly observing three kinds of topological edge state. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the additional vertical intracell coupling strength in our model can change the energy band spectrum, thereby generating unconventional topological edge states with a longer localization length in another boundary. This work offers novel insight into topological insulators in one-dimensional photonic lattices.