Battery Energy Storage Technology in Renewable Energy Integration: a Review

Renewable energy sources reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by traditional fossil fuel-based power plants, and experience rapid developments recently. Despite the benefits, due to their intermittent nature, renewables may result in power oscillations, and deteriorate stability, reliability, and power quality of power grids. Integration of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) with renewable generation units, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind farms, can effectively smooth out power fluctuations. In this paper, an extensive literature review is conducted on various BESS technologies and their potential applications in renewable energy integration. To improve the quality of service with the lowest costs, BESSs should be optimized in the planning and operation stages to control the unit and its charging/discharging output power. As the cost of BESSs is still high, optimal decision-making to improve the profitability of these devices considering technical and lifetime constraints is of paramount importance.