An updated patent review on PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists (2022-present)

Introduction PD-L1, via its interactions with PD-1, constitutes the key immune checkpoint that allows cancer cells to escape immune surveillance. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) led to spectacular success in clinical oncology. However, the inherent limitations of mAbs and increasing findings about the immune-related adverse events (iRAEs) prompted intense research in the field of small-molecule inhibitors of PD-L1.