Polysaccharides play an anti-fibrotic role by regulating intestinal flora: A review of research progress

Fibrosis is a common pathological process affecting multiple organs. It refers to an increase in fibrous connective tissue and a decrease in parenchymal cells in damaged tissues or organs. This may lead to structural damage and functional decline or even organ failure. The incidence of fibrosis is increasing worldwide, and the need for safe and effective therapeutic drugs and treatments is pivotal. The intestinal tract has a complex network of exchanging information with various tissues in the body. It contains a sizeable microbial community of which the homeostasis and metabolites are closely related to fibrosis. Polysaccharides are a class of biomolecules present in natural products; they have potential value as anti-fibrotic prebiotics. Recently, polysaccharides have been found to improve fibrosis in different organs by decreasing inflammation and modulating the immune function and intestinal microbiota. In this paper, we reviewed the progress made in research concerning polysaccharides and organ fibrosis in relation to the intestinal microbiota from the pathogenesis of fibrosis to the relationship between the intestinal flora and fibrosis. Furthermore, we provide ideas and references for future polysaccharide-drug discovery and strategies for the treatment of fibrosis.