Enhancing self-management skills of students through primary school class activities based on the Selection, Design, Organization, and Assessment model: a mixed methods study

Class activities are a pivotal instrument in augmenting students' self-management skills. However, a prevalent challenge is the passive participation of students, leading to a diminished sense of engagement. To tackle this issue, this study undertook an in-depth analysis to identify the underlying issues hampering the effectiveness of class activities. Consequently, the Selection, Design, Organization, and Assessment (SDOA) class activity model was developed, aimed specifically at enhancing students' self-management skills. The study encompassed a sample of 100 elementary school students from two distinct classes, engaging them in a series of meticulously designed activities under the SDOA model, and subsequently interviewing them. The empirical results indicate that class activities structured around the SDOA model significantly improve the self-management capabilities of students. Hence, incorporating the SDOA model into class activities in elementary schools emerges as a robust strategy in fostering self-management competencies among students.