Tanshinone IIA alleviates the mitochondrial toxicity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings by regulating the transport capacity of ATP-binding cassette transporter to doxycycline

The abuse of veterinary antibiotics has caused irreversible damage to human cultivated land, and the necessity of screening effective antibiotic toxic repairers was further emphasized. We reported the alleviating effect of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedling under doxycycline (DOX) stress and its mechanism. Tan IIA alleviates the inhibition of DOX on the growth of S. miltiorrhiza seedlings and promotes the development of seedling roots. In addition, it's also involved in regulating the antioxidant system in the root and overground parts of seedlings, including the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). We also systematically analyzed the origin, evolution, and expansion of 6, 175 tetracycline transport-related ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) from the genome of 50 evolution-representative species. It is found that the ABCG subfamily is divided into three branches, which originate from fungi, algae, and the common ancestor of bacteria and eukaryotes. Tan IIA maintains the plant's homeostasis under DOX stress by regulating the ABCG, CYP76A14, and mitochondrial stress response genes. The possibility of Tan IIA as a potential regulator of DOX-mediated plant damage is proved by comprehensively utilizing the novel genetic screening workflow of environmental tolerance developed by this study.