Innovative Developmental of Hydrogen-Powered Ships in China

The rapid development of the shipping industry has made energy consumption and environmental problems of traditional ships increasingly prominent. Hydrogen-powered ships are one of the development directions for waterway transportation vehicles and will play a significant part in achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals in the waterway transportation field. Therefore, it is urgent to research the innovative developmental mode of hydrogen-powered ships in China. The development status of hydrogen-powered ships is summarized in this article, and the layout of the hydrogen-powered ship industry is analyzed from the perspectives of industrial chain development trend and coordinated development layout. The technical and economic feasibility of developing hydrogen-powered ships is analyzed from the aspects of hydrogen and ammonia fuel, hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen internal combustion engine, infrastructure, and total cost of ownership. Moreover, the key links of the industry chain of hydrogen-powered ships are analyzed, including hydrogen production, hydrogen transportation, large-capacity hydrogen storage, safe fueling, fuel cell, hydrogen internal combustion engine, multi-energy collaborative control, and safety in hydrogen application. Based on national conditions, we proposed multi-stage development goals, a development roadmap for hydrogen-powered ships, and a construction path for the hydrogen fuel supply system. To promote the rapid and high-quality development of hydrogen-powered ships, China needs to clarify application scenarios, develop key technologies, improve infrastructure facilities, and innovate operation systems.