Gut Microbiome

Trillions of bacteria comprise the gut microbiota. It is now apparent that the gut microbiota plays a very important role in intestinal homeostasis and metabolism. While known to be established by the age of 3 years, there are many factors which alter gut microbiota diversity and composition, and many of these alterations are associated with pathology. Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are exposed to many factors which alter the gut microbiome. This chapter will outline factors which influence the gut microbiota and how patients with SBS are vulnerable to alterations.