[Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in children. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 66 cases who underwent non-cardiac surgery ECMO in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Shanghai Children's Hospital from May 2016 to April 2021 were collected. The demographics, model of ECMO support, type and size of arteriovenous cannulas, way of catheterization and complications were recorded and summarized. Patients were divided into percutaneous cannulation group and surgical cannulation group according to catheterization strategies. The demographics, duration of cannulation and ECMO support, ECMO weaning rate and hospital survival rate were compared among two groups. χ2 and nonparametric rank sum test were used for comparison. Results: Among the 66 patients who received ECMO, 38 were male and 28 were female, with age 44.5 (12.0, 83.5) months and weight 15.0 (10.0, 25.0) kg; 21 patients underwent percutaneous cannulation, with a success rate of 95% (20 cases). Point-of-care ultrasound was performed for all percutaneous cannulation cases. The duration of percutaneous cannulation was significantly shorter than that of surgical cannulation (26.0 (23.3, 30.3) vs. 57.0 (53.8, 64.0) min, Z=6.31, P<0.001). Successful percutaneous cannulation cases were aged 70.5 (23.8, 109.5) months, and their weight was 23.2 (13.6, 37.0) kg. Ten cases were initially given veno-venous (VV) ECMO support, and 10 cases were given veno-arterial (VA) ECMO support. ECMO arterial cannulas were sized from 8 F to 17 F, and venous cannulas sized from 10 F to 19 F. For VV-ECMO, the right internal jugular and femoral veins were used as vascular access, while VA-ECMO used right internal jugular vein-femoral artery or right femoral vein-left femoral artery approach. Only one patient suffered severe complication (superior vena cava perforation). There was no catheter-related bloodstream infection. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cannulation for ECMO can be performed with a high rate of success and safety in children.目的： 评价超声引导下经皮穿刺置管用于建立儿童体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）的作用与安全性。 方法： 回顾性分析2016年5月至2021年4月上海交通大学附属儿童医院重症医学科完成的66例非心脏手术ECMO支持患儿的临床资料。收集患儿一般情况、ECMO支持模式、动静脉插管类型与尺寸、置管方式、操作时间和置管并发症等。根据置管方式分为经皮穿刺置管组与外科切开置管组，比较两组患儿年龄、体重、置管操作时间、ECMO支持时间、ECMO撤机成功率和出院存活率等。组间比较采用χ²检验或非参数秩和检验。 结果： 66例患儿中男38例、女28例，年龄44.5（12.0，83.5）月龄，体重15.0（10.0，25.0）kg。床旁超声引导下经皮穿刺置管21例（32%），成功20例（95%），1例穿刺失败改为外科切开置管。最终经皮穿刺置管组20例，年龄70.5（23.8，109.5）月龄，体重23.2（13.6，37.0）kg。经皮穿刺置管组置管操作时间明显短于外科切开血管置管组［26.0（23.3，30.3）比57.0（53.8，64.0）min，Z=6.31，P<0.001］。经皮穿刺置管组ECMO起始模式为静脉-动脉（VA）10例、静脉-静脉（VV）10例。ECMO静脉导管为10~19 F，动脉导管为8~17 F。VV-ECMO为右侧颈内静脉和右侧股静脉置管；VA-ECMO为右侧颈内静脉或右侧股静脉和左侧股动脉置管。经皮穿刺置管组中1例并发上腔静脉穿孔，无导管相关感染。 结论： 在技术条件熟练的ECMO中心，超声引导下经皮穿刺置管建立ECMO的成功率与安全性较高。.