抗菌剂
抗生素耐药性
多重耐药
抗药性
微生物学
沙门氏菌
生物
医学
粘菌素
铜绿假单胞菌
鲍曼不动杆菌
抗生素
重症监护医学
抗性(生态学)
抗菌管理
利奈唑啉
细菌
遗传学
作者
Anna-Pelagia Magiorakos,Arjun Srinivasan,Roberta B. Carey,Yehuda Carmeli,Matthew E. Falagas,Christian G. Giske,Stéphan Juergen Harbarth,Janet F. Hindler,Gunnar Kahlmeter,Barbro Olsson‐Liljequist,David L. Paterson,Louis B. Rice,John Stelling,Marc Struelens,Alkiviadis Vatopoulos,J. Todd Weber,Dominique Monnet
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x
摘要
Many different definitions for multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria are being used in the medical literature to characterize the different patterns of resistance found in healthcare-associated, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. A group of international experts came together through a joint initiative by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to create a standardized international terminology with which to describe acquired resistance profiles in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae (other than Salmonella and Shigella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., all bacteria often responsible for healthcare-associated infections and prone to multidrug resistance. Epidemiologically significant antimicrobial categories were constructed for each bacterium. Lists of antimicrobial categories proposed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were created using documents and breakpoints from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). MDR was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, XDR was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories (i.e. bacterial isolates remain susceptible to only one or two categories) and PDR was defined as non-susceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial categories. To ensure correct application of these definitions, bacterial isolates should be tested against all or nearly all of the antimicrobial agents within the antimicrobial categories and selective reporting and suppression of results should be avoided.
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