Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum

桃红蓟马 生物 免疫系统 蚜虫 基因 免疫 昆虫 先天免疫系统 基因组 遗传学 转录组 基因表达 蚜虫科 植物 有害生物分析 同翅目
作者
Nicole M. Gerardo,Boran Altincicek,Caroline Anselme,Hagop S. Atamian,Seth M. Barribeau,Martin de Vos,Elizabeth J. Duncan,Jay D. Evans,Toni Gabaldón,Murad Ghanim,Adelaziz Heddi,Isgouhi Kaloshian,Amparo Latorre,Andrés Moyá,Atsushi Nakabachi,Benjamin J. Parker,Vicente Pérez‐Brocal,Miguel Pignatelli,Yvan Rahbé,John S. Ramsey,Chelsea Spragg,Javier Tamames,Daniel Tamarit,Cécilia Tamborindeguy,Carole Vincent-Monégat,Andreas Vilcinskas
出处
期刊:Genome Biology [Springer Nature]
卷期号:11 (2) 被引量:413
标识
DOI:10.1186/gb-2010-11-2-r21
摘要

Abstract Background Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the center of pathogen-induced immune responses are signaling pathways triggered by the recognition of fungal, bacterial and viral signatures. These pathways result in the production of response molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, which degrade or destroy invaders. Using the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ), we conducted the first extensive annotation of the immune and stress gene repertoire of a hemipterous insect, which is phylogenetically distantly related to previously characterized insects models. Results Strikingly, pea aphids appear to be missing genes present in insect genomes characterized to date and thought critical for recognition, signaling and killing of microbes. In line with results of gene annotation, experimental analyses designed to characterize immune response through the isolation of RNA transcripts and proteins from immune-challenged pea aphids uncovered few immune-related products. Gene expression studies, however, indicated some expression of immune and stress-related genes. Conclusions The absence of genes suspected to be essential for the insect immune response suggests that the traditional view of insect immunity may not be as broadly applicable as once thought. The limitations of the aphid immune system may be representative of a broad range of insects, or may be aphid specific. We suggest that several aspects of the aphid life style, such as their association with microbial symbionts, could facilitate survival without strong immune protection.
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