体细胞突变
脱氨基
胞苷脱氨酶
DNA
生物
胞嘧啶
活化诱导(胞苷)脱氨酶
分子生物学
突变
遗传学
生物化学
突变
基因
酶
抗体
B细胞
作者
Phuong Pham,Ronda Bransteitter,John Petruska,Myron F. Goodman
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2003-06-18
卷期号:424 (6944): 103-107
被引量:646
摘要
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a protein required for B cells to undergo class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM)--two processes essential for producing high-affinity antibodies. Purified AID catalyses the deamination of C to U on single-stranded (ss)DNA. Here, we show in vitro that AID-catalysed C deaminations occur preferentially on 5' WRC sequences in accord with SHM spectra observed in vivo. Although about 98% of DNA clones suffer no mutations, most of the remaining mutated clones have 10-70 C to T transitions per clone. Therefore, AID carries out multiple C deaminations on individual DNA strands, rather than jumping from one strand to another. The avid binding of AID to ssDNA could result from its large net positive charge (+11) at pH 7.0, owing to a basic amino-terminal domain enriched in arginine and lysine. Furthermore, AID exhibits a 15-fold preference for C deamination on the non-transcribed DNA strand exposed by RNA polymerase than the transcribed strand protected as a RNA-DNA hybrid. These deamination results on ssDNA bear relevance to three characteristic features of SHM: preferential mutation at C sites within WRC hotspot sequences, the broad clonal mutagenic heterogeneity of antibody variable regions targeted for mutation, and the requirement for active transcription to obtain mutagenesis.
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