Search for optimal parent for recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines. Study of three vaccinia virus vaccinal strains and several virus lines derived from them

Three vaccinia virus strains (Praha, DD—a DRYVAX Wyeth vaccine-derived virus—and LIVP) were examined for growth in various cell cultures and for virulence and immunogenicity in mice. The viruses did not differ by their growth rats in monkey kidney cells (CV-1), human diploid cells (LEP), rat TK− cells (RAT2) or primary dog kidney cells. The immunogenicity of Praha and DD viruses was similar, the virus LIVP was somewhat more immunogenic. In terms of virulence in 3-day-old mice, the DD virus was the most attenuated. Single-plaque progenies were derived from the original smallpox vaccines VARIE Sevac (strain Praha) and DRYVAX Wyeth and tested for the above markers and DNA restriction patterns. The results obtained demonstrated biological and molecular heterogeneity of the original virus populations. Close linkage was observed between immunogenic activity and virulence in 3-day but not in 3-week mice. The results indicate that smallpox vaccine preparations may serve as an abundant source of virus mutants.