顺磁性
磁化
各向异性
磁铁
凝聚态物理
自旋(空气动力学)
磁各向异性
放松(心理学)
激发态
基态
分子
自旋态
化学
化学物理
物理
磁场
原子物理学
热力学
量子力学
社会心理学
心理学
有机化学
作者
Motohiro Nakano,Hiroki Oshio
摘要
The study of the magnetic properties of highly anisotropic paramagnetic molecules is an area of intense current research interest. Of these, single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and single-chain magnets (SCMs) showing non-equilibrium magnetization have remained a key topic over the past two decades. The slow magnetization reversals found in SMMs and SCMs are contingent on two requirements: a large ground-state spin forbidding direct quantum transitions of spin reversal, and a series of excited spin levels, due to the anisotropy of the system, which can act as steppingstones for the thermal relaxation of the spin orientations (the Orbach process). In this critical review, the latter requirement, i.e. the existence of magnetic anisotropies in paramagnetic species, is reviewed with the aim of providing clues towards the rational design of molecule-based magnets (100 references).
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