Domino effect: Its prediction and prevention—An overview

Despite having an extremely lower frequency, domino accidents pose enormous losses in process industries when they occur. Over the years, rigorous efforts have been made to demystify the mechanism of domino accidents, assess the possibility of domino effect occurrence, set the thresholds for escalation vectors, and develop the polices to prevent such catastrophes in chemical plants. This chapter presents an overview of the advanced methods used for domino effect assessment and prevention. Several definitions of domino accidents are also included to identify the typical characteristics of a domino effect. Additionally, a brief history of research growth, driving forces, and significant contributions from global regulatory bodies is presented to perceive how this field is evolving to react to major domino induced accidents.