Effects of particle size and polymorph type of TiO2 on the properties of BaTiO3 nanopowder prepared by solid-state reaction

Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) has attracted considerable attention as a perovskite ferroelectric ceramic material for electronic multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). Fine BaTiO 3 nanopowders with a considerably high tetragonality directly influence the typical properties of nanopowders; however, their synthesis has remained challenging. In this study, we analyzed the effect of two different TiO 2 powders with anatase and rutile phases in a solid-state reaction with barium carbonate (BaCO 3 ). The effect of the particle size ratio (TiO 2 /BaCO 3 ) of the raw materials on the tetragonality and particle size of the as-synthesized BaTiO 3 powders was also determined through extensive characterization of the powders by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy . The present investigation reveals that the design BaTiO 3 structure is expected to advance the development of efficient catalytic and sensor materials for sustainable environmental applications. • BaTiO 3 nanopowders was synthesized by solid-state reaction of TiO 2 and BaCO 3 . • Effect of different anatase and rutile TiO 2 phases on BaTiO 3 structure was studied. • Phase stability studies of tetragonal BaTiO 3 has been systematically proved. • Practical applications of BaTiO 3 in environmental field have been proposed.