Reconsidering the potential of direct microalgal biomass utilization as end-products: A review

生物量(生态学) 原材料 生化工程 可再生能源 环境科学 生物燃料 生物炼制 生物技术 制浆造纸工业 废物管理 工艺工程 生物 工程类 生态学
作者
Hong Il Choi,Young Joon Sung,Min Eui Hong,Jonghee Han,Byoung Koun Min,Sang Jun Sim
出处
期刊:Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews [Elsevier]
卷期号:155: 111930-111930 被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111930
摘要

Microalgae can rapidly sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) and convert it into various marketable products. Thus, these photosynthetic microorganisms have gained substantial attention as prospective biological platforms for the practical reduction of CO2 and establishing renewable and sustainable supply chains. However, conventional biomass applications to which attention has been directed, such as a feedstock for biodiesel production, are only achievable through cumbersome downstream processes, including extraction, fractionation, separation, and refinement. These stereotypical biomass utilization strategies have increased concerns regarding economic, energetic, and environmental viability. As a promising alternative, utilization of whole microalgal biomass as end-products has emerged because it can directly provide various beneficial commodities through a streamlined production route only consisting of harvesting and drying processes. The process review in this study clearly shows the energy and CO2 reduction efficiencies of this strategy compared with other traditional production routes. Despite the high potential, this application strategy has been overlooked because of the limited commercialized examples and the broad use of established methods. Recently, many applications have been suggested, and their practicality has been thoroughly verified according to the main biochemical constituents, namely carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Raw microalgal biomass produced by a potentially carbon-negative and net-energy-positive process can be employed as-is in an extensive range of fields that cover most human needs, including nutritious foods and feeds with bioactive functions, cosmetics, thermoplastic materials, and fuels for direct combustion. Thus, this comprehensive review aims to provide an opportunity to reconsider the potential and practicality of whole microalgal biomass utilization strategies.
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