Synthesis of zeolites from residual diatomite using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method

Population growth directly affects the industrial production sector, as well as the quantities of waste generated in this sector. Diatomite is a typical example of such industrial waste and is used for the filtration of various products. With the aim of increasing its value, the present study employs this residue, following its usage in beer filtration, as a silicon source for the synthesis of zeolites. Two synthetic routes are used, namely, hydrothermal treatment with and without a pre-treatment step in a conventional microwave for 3–24 h. The results of the compositional and morphological characterization show that the use of a few minutes of microwave radiation reduces the process of zeolite synthesis to 15 h compared to the synthesis without pre-treatment, as well as reducing the production costs. The efficiency of microwave radiation is assessed with regards to solubilizing the residue, the possibility of employing a device of conventional use and the possibility of putting to use the diatomite residue, turning it into a versatile material that can be applied in several areas and process, such as industrial catalysts, the adsorption of environmental pollutants (ions and molecules) and water treatment via ion-exchange resins.