On-orbit calibration and performance assessments of Terra and Aqua MODIS thermal emissive bands

遥感 环境科学 轨道力学 NIST公司 校准 黑体辐射 地球静止轨道 卫星 光辉 气象学 光谱带 光谱辐射计 计算机科学 物理 光学 地质学 反射率 天文 辐射 量子力学 自然语言处理
作者
Xiaoxiong Xiong,Aisheng Wu,Tiejun Chang,Truman Wilson,Yonghong Li,Na Chen,Ashish Shrestha,Carlos Perez Diaz
出处
期刊:Journal of Applied Remote Sensing [SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering]
卷期号:15 (01) 被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1117/1.jrs.15.014520
摘要

Terra and Aqua MODIS have successfully operated for more than 20 and 18 years, respectively, and far exceeded their designed lifetimes of 6 years. MODIS has 36 spectral bands, among which 16 are the thermal emissive bands (TEB) covering a wavelength range from 3.75 to 14.24 μm. Observations from the MODIS TEB have been used to generate a number of data products, such as surface/cloud/atmospheric temperatures, cloud top altitude, and water vapor properties. To a large extent, the quality of the MODIS L1B radiance product has been maintained through the entirety of each mission via extensive on-orbit calibration and validation efforts. MODIS TEB calibration uses a quadratic algorithm and is referenced to an on-board blackbody with its temperature measurements traceable to the NIST standard. We provide an overview of the MODIS instrument operations, key TEB calibration activities, and algorithms used in the latest L1B data Collection 6.1 (C6.1) and describe the TEB on-orbit performance for both Terra and Aqua MODIS. The TEB gain trends have been stable to within 5% over the Terra mission after 2003 under the same electronic configuration, except for bands 27 to 30, and within 3% over the Aqua mission. The Terra MODIS optical crosstalk correction implemented right after launch has been very effective in removing the ghost images in its photoconductive detector bands 32 to 36. Starting from C6.1, an electronic crosstalk correction algorithm has also been applied to the Terra MODIS photovoltaic detector long-wave infrared bands 27 to 30. The noise characterization performance remains stable with most TEB detectors continuously meeting their design requirements. A gradual loss of the Aqua MODIS radiative cooler margin reached its maximum in 2013 and has been slowly recovering since then. On-orbit changes in TEB response versus scan angle are extremely small based on pitch maneuver observations and assessments using vicarious approaches. The remaining challenges in TEB calibration and proposed improvements for the upcoming data collection with L1B data production and reprocessing are discussed.
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