材料科学
自愈水凝胶
电场
各向异性
纳米技术
纳米颗粒
纳米复合材料
聚合
智能材料
弹性体
变形(气象学)
复合材料
聚合物
高分子化学
光学
物理
量子力学
作者
Qing Zhu,Chen Fei Dai,Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima Santos,Matthias Daab,Wei Hong,Josef Breu,Qiang Zheng,Zi Liang Wu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202005567
摘要
Abstract Living organisms use musculatures with spatially distributed anisotropic structures to actuate deformations and locomotion with fascinating functions. Replicating such structural features in artificial materials is of great significance yet remains a big challenge. Here, a facile strategy is reported to fabricate hydrogels with elaborate ordered structures of nanosheets (NSs) oriented under a distributed electric field. Multiple electrodes are distributed with various arrangements in the precursor solution containing NSs and gold nanoparticles. A complex electric field induces sophisticated orientations of the NSs that are permanently inscribed by subsequent photo‐polymerization. The resultant anisotropic nanocomposite poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels exhibit rapid deformation upon heating or photoirradiation, owing to the fast switching of permittivity of the media and electric repulsion between the NSs. The complex alignments of NSs and anisotropic shape change of discrete regions result in programmed deformation of the hydrogels into various configurations. Furthermore, locomotion is realized by a spatiotemporal light stimulation that locally triggers time‐variant shape change of the composite hydrogel with complex anisotropic structures. Such a strategy on the basis of the distributed electric‐field‐generated ordered structures should be applicable to gels, elastomers, and thermosets loaded with other anisotropic particles or liquid crystals, for the design of biomimetic/bioinspired materials with specific functionalities.
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