Development of plantlet regeneration pathway using in vitro leaf of Ficus carica L. cv. Panachee supported with histological analysis

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a dioecious fruiting tree. However, Fig improvement was found challenging and time-consuming through conventional plant propagation methods due to low survival rate. Development of plant tissue culture technology through optimum regeneration pathway would offer many advantages especially on the mass production of elite and true to type planting materials. In this study, it was found that 24 h of incubation in the absence of light with the abaxial surface of the in vitro leaves contacting the media produced the highest mean of regeneration rate at 6.67 ± 4.63%. Histological sections revealed direct organogenic shoot regeneration was more prominent rather than indirect organogenic and embryogenic pathways. This is the first study on the effect of photoperiod and gravitropism on plantlet regeneration of F. carica. Micropropagation of F. carica involved various factors in photoperiodism and gravitropism on the development of plantlet's regeneration pathway.