Flexible electrothermal polymer film based on reduced graphene oxide–water polyurethane

In this paper, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) conductive films incorporated with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as conductive fillers were prepared by solution blending and tape casting method. The electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and microstructures of the composite films were systematically investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the RGO–WPU composite films first increased then decreased with the increase of the RGO content. The resistivity of composite film with 7% RGO reaches to the smallest that is about [Formula: see text], and the thermal conductivity of the composite film with 7% graphene was about 0.29 W.m.K[Formula: see text], which an increase of 70% compared with pure WPU. The electrical conductivity of the composite film decreased with the increase of the original concentration of WPU solution and thickness of the composite film. As film heater, the composite film displayed effective and rapid heating at low input voltages owing to the good conductivity. With an input voltage was in the range of 10–24 V, the film took less than 30s to reach a steady-state temperature, demonstrating the fast response of the composite film heater and suitable for applications in the field of the fast temperature switching with low input voltages as flexible electrothermal heater.