Ru-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction：Recent research advances and perspectives

Ruthenium shares similar intrinsic activity with Pt in hydrogen bond strength, and possesses the merits of relatively low cost (~4% cost of Pt) and excellent durability, thereby becoming an ideal alternative to Pt for hydrogen revolution reaction (HER). In this review, the recent advances of Ru-based HER electrocatalysts is summarized. In particular, typical strategies in morphology, crystal phase, conductivity, electronic structure, and interfacial synergism to improve the HER performance of Ru-based materials are discussed. More importantly, a detailed discussion and summary on Ru-based electrocatalysts for HER is made, comprising metallic Ru, Ru-based alloys, and Ru-related compounds. Finally, perspectives to achieve efficient Ru-based HER catalysts towards practical application are shared.