Frontiers in electrochemical enzyme based biosensors for food and drug analysis

Nowadays, the development of various biosensors as a new generation of analytical instruments is one of the most promising research fields of analytical biology. Among all types of biosensors, enzyme based biosensors have an interesting property, the inherent inhibition phenomena given the enzyme-substrate complex formation. Over the past years, electrochemical enzyme based biosensors have emerged as simple, rapid and ultra-sensitive devices for determination or detection of different compounds in the drugs and food samples. In this review, general views to enzymes related with their history, classification, immobilization, and inhibition information is presented to researchers. Then, a detailed description is provided for enzyme based and electrochemical enzyme based biosensors. Finally, some selected electrochemical enzyme based biosensor studies developed for food and drug analysis are summarized and tabulated.