Single‐Photomolecular Nanotheranostics for Synergetic Near‐Infrared Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Effective Photothermal Ablation

Abstract Multi‐modality imaging‐guided cancer therapy is considered as a powerful theranostic platform enabling simultaneous precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, recently reported multifunctional systems with multiple components and sophisticate structures remain major obstacles for further clinical translation. In this work, a single‐photomolecular theranostic nanoplatform is fabricated via a facile nanoprecipitation strategy. By encapsulating a semiconductor oligomer (IT‐S) into an amphiphilic lipid, water‐dispersible IT‐S nanoparticles (IT‐S NPs) are prepared. The obtained IT‐S NPs have a very simple construction and possess ultra‐stable near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA) dual‐modal imaging and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 72.3%. Accurate spatiotemporal distribution profiles of IT‐S NPs are successfully visualized by NIR FL/PA dual‐modal imaging. With the comprehensive in vivo imaging information provided by IT‐S NPs, tumor photothermal ablation is readily realized under precise manipulation of laser irradiation, which greatly improves the therapeutic efficacy without any obvious side effects. Therefore, the IT‐S NPs allow high tumor therapeutic efficacy under the precise guidance of FL/PA imaging techniques and thus hold great potential as an effective theranostic platform for future clinical applications.