Abstract CO 2 reduction to carbon feedstocks using heterogeneous photocatalysts is an attractive means of addressing both climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. Of particular importance is the development of a photosystem capable of functioning in response to visible light, which accounts for the majority of the solar spectrum, representing a kind of artificial photosynthesis. Hybrid systems comprising a metal complex and a semiconductor are promising because of the excellent electrochemical (and/or photocatalytic) activity of metal complexes during CO 2 reduction and the ability of semiconductors to efficiently oxidize water to molecular O 2 . Here, the development of hybrid photocatalysts and photoelectrodes for CO 2 reduction in combination with water oxidation is described.