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Plant Defenses against Herbivory: Closing the Fitness Gap

食草动物 生物 植物对草食的耐受性 植物寿命 生态学 植物对草食的防御 植物科学 功能生态学 植物进化 进化生态学 功能(生物学) 植物 进化生物学 生态系统 基因 遗传学 基因组 寄主(生物学) 林业 地理
作者
Matthias Erb
出处
期刊:Trends in Plant Science [Elsevier]
卷期号:23 (3): 187-194 被引量:85
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.005
摘要

To determine whether a plant trait functions as a defense, its fitness benefits need to be determined as a function of the presence of the attacker. Despite a consensus about this requirement, only a small fraction of putative plant defenses have been experimentally shown to increase the fitness of plants under attack. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology allow the manipulation of putative defense traits and thereby provide novel opportunities to fill this gap in knowledge. Current work highlights how community dynamics can influence the impact of putative defense traits on plant reproductive success. Including these processes is therefore important to fully understand the ecology and evolution of plant defenses. Many morphological and chemical features of plants are classified as plant defenses against herbivores. By definition, plant defenses should increase a plant’s fitness (i.e., its contribution to the gene pool of the next generation) as a function of herbivory. Over the past years, substantial progress has been made in understanding and manipulating the mechanistic basis of many putative plant defense traits. However, most plant defenses are still characterized by proximate variables such as herbivore performance or plant damage rather than actual fitness. Determining fitness benefits as a function of herbivory therefore remains a major knowledge gap that must be filled to understand the ecology and evolution of plant defenses. Many morphological and chemical features of plants are classified as plant defenses against herbivores. By definition, plant defenses should increase a plant’s fitness (i.e., its contribution to the gene pool of the next generation) as a function of herbivory. Over the past years, substantial progress has been made in understanding and manipulating the mechanistic basis of many putative plant defense traits. However, most plant defenses are still characterized by proximate variables such as herbivore performance or plant damage rather than actual fitness. Determining fitness benefits as a function of herbivory therefore remains a major knowledge gap that must be filled to understand the ecology and evolution of plant defenses. contribution of an individual to the gene pool of the next generation. plant trait that increases the fitness of plants on herbivore attack. production of fertile offspring by a given individual.
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