Couple of Histamine blue fluorescence chemosensor and surface charge selector of FC-modified silica nanoporous for highly specific histamine detection via FRET-process

Histamine poisoning from fish is a worldwide problem. It occurs when bacteria convert high levels of naturally occurring histidine into histamine resulting that when people eat fish containing high levels of histamine, they suffer allergic type reactions. Deeply considering, histamine and histidine consist of the primary amine and imidazole unit in their structures. As a result, the selectively discriminate detection of each species has been a greatly challenge task for determining the freshness of seafood. In the present work, the successful development of a new fluorescence sensors based on the superior Histamine blue (HB) doped in nanoporous silica (NPS) and surface modification with FC to provide FRET On-Off process and highly discriminate detection of histamine among other biogenic amines through the charge repulsion of FC and histidine and the specific reaction of mesoionic acid fluoride based Histamine blue (HB) with the amine group of Him via self-catalytic reaction of imidazole group in Him. This simple [email protected]@FC sensory platform allows accurate determination of histamine in the linear response ranges of 29.12-166.67 μM of Him. The detection limit of the sensor was calculated equal to 8.55 μM. This [email protected]@FC platform was investigated with success on real salmon and tuna samples. On the discovery of highly selective Him detection, the couple of two sensors and surface selector offers the potentially specific detection of Him in the field of food chemistry.