艾伦方差
温度系数
CMOS芯片
材料科学
修边
电阻器
炸薯条
灵敏度(控制系统)
电子工程
电压
物理
电气工程
光电子学
计算机科学
脉搏(音乐)
数学
标准差
工程类
统计
操作系统
作者
Amr Khashaba,Junheng Zhu,Nilanjan Pal,Mostafa G. Ahmed,Pavan Kumar Hanumolu
出处
期刊:IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits
[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]
日期:2021-11-02
卷期号:57 (5): 1470-1479
被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.1109/jssc.2021.3121014
摘要
Highly stable on-chip frequency references offer the possibility of replacing crystal oscillators in many cost-and form-factor-constrained applications. However, achieving good frequency stability in a power-efficient manner across process, voltage, and temperature variations possess many design challenges. This article describes these challenges and presents a method for improving the integrated RC oscillator’s frequency accuracy by overcoming them. We show that the impact of resistor temperature coefficient (TC) on the accuracy of output frequency can be mitigated by using a parallel combination of two switched resistors that are digitally controlled by pulse-density modulated sequences. By trimming at only two temperatures, a prototype frequency-locked loop (FLL)-based 32-MHz oscillator fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process achieves an inaccuracy of 530 ppm (8.4 ppm/°C), 80-ppm/V voltage sensitivity, 2.5-ppm Allan deviation, and 1- $\mu \text{W}$ /MHz power efficiency.
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