Novel Application of Magnetite Nanoparticle-Mediated Vitamin D3 Delivery for Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritoneal Damage

Purpose: Vitamin D3 is useful for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritoneal damage, but its side effects, such as hypercalcemia and vascular calcification, limit its applicability.Thus, we developed vitamin D-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and determined their therapeutic efficacy and side effects in vivo.Materials and Methods: Alginate-modified MNPs were combined with 1α, 25 (OH) 2 D 3 to generate vitamin D-loaded nanoparticles.The particles were conjugated with an antibody against peritoneum-glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A).The particles' ability to target the peritoneum was examined following intraperitoneal administration to mice and by monitoring their bio-distribution.We also established a PD animal model to determine the therapeutic and side effects of vitamin D-loaded MNPs in vivo.Results: Vitamin D-loaded MNPs targeted the peritoneum better than vitamin D3, and had the same therapeutic effect as vitamin D3 in ameliorating peritoneal fibrosis and functional deterioration in a PD animal model.Most importantly, the particles reduced the side effects of vitamin D3, such as hypercalcemia and body weight loss, in mice.Conclusion: Vitamin D-loaded MNPs could be an ideal future therapeutic option to treat PD-related peritoneal damage.