巨噬细胞
巨噬细胞极化
多糖
生物材料
细胞生物学
化学
先天免疫系统
M2巨噬细胞
自愈水凝胶
组织工程
生物
表型
生物化学
材料科学
受体
纳米技术
体外
有机化学
基因
遗传学
作者
Zhuqing Li,Kaitlin M. Bratlie
标识
DOI:10.1002/mabi.202100031
摘要
Abstract Macrophage polarization is a key factor in determining the success of implanted tissue engineering scaffolds. Polysaccharides (derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms) are known to modulate macrophage phenotypes by recognizing cell membrane receptors. Numerous studies have developed polysaccharide‐based materials into functional biomaterial substrates for tissue regeneration and pharmaceutical application due to their immunostimulatory activities and anti‐inflammatory response. They are used as hydrogel substrates, surface coatings, and drug delivery carriers. In addition to their innate immunological functions, the newly endowed physical and chemical properties, including substrate modulus, pore size/porosity, surface binding chemistry, and the mole ratio of polysaccharides in hybrid materials may regulate macrophage phenotypes more precisely. Growing evidence indicates that the sulfation pattern of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans expressed on polarized macrophages leads to the changes in protein binding, which may alter macrophage phenotype and influence the immune response. A comprehensive understanding of how different types of polysaccharide‐based materials alter macrophage phenotypic changes can be beneficial to predict transplantation/implantation outcomes. This review focuses on recent advances in promoting wound healing and balancing macrophage phenotypes using polysaccharide‐based substrates/coatings and new directions to address the limitations in the current understanding of macrophage responses to polysaccharides.
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