Viscoelastic properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels and ferrogels obtained through freezing–thawing cycles

We report the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels obtained through freezing–thawing cycles. The viscoelastic properties of these gels using parallel-plate shear mode were evaluated as a function of temperature, time, degree of swelling, concentration and the number of freezing–thawing cycles. The storage modulus was analyzed on the basis of a theoretical model based on the scaling approach. These results provide additional evidence for a non-crystalline nature of the structure of PVA cryogels. Furthermore, PVA ferrogels have been prepared from PVA aqueous solutions and a ferrofluid through freezing–thawing cycles. The viscoelastic properties of these materials have been evaluated. It is shown that the variation of the storage modulus with ferrofluid concentration cannot be fitted using classical theories what has been attributed to the small dimensions of the particles in the ferrogels and to the magnetic interactions between particles.