A new approach to electrochemical sensing of a wildly used antibiotic; ciprofloxacin

Excessive use of antibiotics has conducted to a substantial enhancement in drug-resistant genes. Hence, introducing efficacious devices for antibiotic monitoring can ameliorate the life quality. Thus, a valid feasible sensor was developed for ciprofloxacin (CIP) determination using the synergistic interaction of graphene nanosheets (GR NSs) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) in the matrix of carbon paste electrode (CPE). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were utilized to evaluate the sensor’s electrochemical features. As a result of the excellent properties of the applied nanostructures, the prepared sensor exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Quantitative analysis of CIP also provided detection and quantification limits of 1.8 nM and 6 nM, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity, sensitivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility were successfully examined. These desirable outcomes along with the extraordinary performance of GR/Fe3O4NPs/CPE in real samples promise to provide a reliable device in food and environmental applications.