Zinc‐doped bioactive glass‐functionalized polyetheretherketone to enhance the biological response in bone regeneration

Abstract Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is gaining recognition as a highly promising polymer for orthopedic implants, attributed to its exceptional biocompatibility, ease of processing, and radiation resistance. However, its long‐term in vivo application faces challenges, primarily due to suboptimal osseointegration from postimplantation inflammation and immune reactions. Consequently, biofunctionalization of PEEK implant surfaces emerges as a strategic approach to enhance osseointegration and increase the overall success rates of these implants. In our research, we engineered a multifaceted PEEK implant through the in situ integration of chitosan‐coated zinc‐doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (Zn‐BGNs). This novel fabrication imbues the implant with immunomodulatory capabilities while bolstering its osseointegration potential. The biofunctionalized PEEK composite elicited several advantageous responses; it facilitated M2 macrophage polarization, curtailed the production of inflammatory mediators, and augmented the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The experimental findings underscore the vital and intricate role of biofunctionalized PEEK implants in preserving normal bone immunity and metabolism. This study posits that utilizing chitosan‐BGNs represents a direct and effective method for creating multifunctional implants. These implants are designed to facilitate biomineralization and immunomodulation, making them especially apt for orthopedic applications.