A carbon trading approach for heat-power-hydrogen integrated energy systems based on a Vickrey auction strategy

Exploring the way of the integrated heat-power‑hydrogen energy system (CHHP) participates in carbon trading is important for reducing carbon emissions and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. To fully consider the potential for renewable energy to participate in the carbon trading market through Chinese certified emission reductions (CCERs), this paper proposes a carbon trading method for CHHP based on a Vickrey auction strategy. Firstly, the model of CHHP is built by considering the waste heat of the hydrogen power generation system. The calculation of CCERs of hydrogen and other renewable energy sources is then studied based on calorific value and combined marginal emission factors. Meanwhile, given the zero carbon of renewable energy sources and the large difference in price between Chinese emission allowances (CEAs) and CCERs. For traditional energy sources, a baseline approach is used to allocate CEAs to carbon sources. A price-fixed trading model for CEAs is established considering actual carbon emissions; For the CCERs from hydrogen and other renewable energy, a trading mechanism based on a Vickrey auction has been introduced. Finally, the proposed method is analyzed in three scenarios. The approach proposed in this paper results in lower system operation costs and more favorable planning for low-carbon emission output equipment. The results show that the proposed trading method has advantages in the economy and carbon emissions.