Advancements in 2D Materials-Based Biosensors for Biomedical Applications

Abstract Rapidly developing two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as MoS2, graphene, and other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), have opened new possibilities for biosensing technologies. These materials exhibit unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, making them ideal candidates for highly sensitive and selective biosensors. This review explores using 2D materials in biosensor applications, focusing on the piezoelectric properties of materials like MoS2 to detect biomolecules and disease markers. Moreover, integrating 2D materials in various biosensor platforms, such as electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric sensors, highlights their potential to revolutionize healthcare diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The review also discusses the challenges and future directions for optimizing these biosensors for real-world applications.