Telehealth utilization among patients with chronic disease: Insights from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey

Introduction Telehealth has been effectively used for managing chronic disease conditions; however, utilization patterns vary across populations. This study aims to examine the prevalence of telehealth utilization, the associated factors of telehealth modality (e.g., audio, video) among patients with chronic diseases, and the role of health literacy. Methods Participants with at least one diagnosed chronic disease from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6) data (n=3686) were analyzed. Differences in participant characteristics between telehealth users and non-users were compared using χ² statistics. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to investigate factors associated with telehealth modality. Results About 52% of participants reported using telehealth in the past 12 months, with 34.7% using audio-only modality. Telehealth use was highest among participants with depression (61.6%) and lowest among those with high blood pressure (47.6%). Participants over 75 years old (OR, 3.11 [95% CI, 1.99–4.85]; P < 0.001) were more likely to use audio-only modality compared to the youngest group (18–34 years). Respondents with a higher educational level (bachelor's degree: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.59–1.00], P = 0.049; post-baccalaureate degree: OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.43–0.82]; P < 0.001) and higher health literacy (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66–0.99]; P =0.04) were more likely to use audio-video modality compared to their counterparts. Discussion Telehealth use varied across demographics and chronic diseases, revealing significant disparities. Elderly individuals, those with lower socioeconomic status, and those with lower health literacy tended to use the audio-only modality. Providing support for digital platforms and health literacy can empower patients with chronic diseases to effectively use telehealth for self-management.