Rational design and synthesis of atomically precise nanocluster-based nanocomposites: a step towards environmental catalysis

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess distinct properties that can present challenges in certain applications. However, integrating these materials to create new composite functional materials has gained significant interest due to their unique characteristics through a range of applications, particularly in catalysis. Considering MOFs as hosts and NCs as guests, several synergistic effects have been observed in composites, particularly in environmental catalytic reactions. However, the precise role of encapsulated NCs within the MOF pore structure is still in its infancy. Besides, stabilizing NCs, whether through intact ligands or without ligands via the MOF host, presents challenges that are currently being investigated. This feature article reviews recent advancements in the synthesis of NC@MOF composites, focusing on cutting-edge strategies for selecting MOFs and the roles of NC ligands, as well as characterization and catalytic applications.